Szárelhalás

Szárelhalás, a Hungarian term, translates to "jaw necrosis" or "osteonecrosis of the jaw" in English. This condition refers to the death of bone tissue in the jaw, most commonly the mandible or maxilla. It can result from various causes, including radiation therapy to the head and neck region, certain medications, and dental infections or procedures.

One of the most significant causes is medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), particularly associated with bisphosphonates and denosumab, drugs used to treat osteoporosis and certain cancers. These medications can interfere with bone remodeling and vascularity, making the jawbone more susceptible to damage and poor healing, especially after invasive dental work like extractions.

Radiation-induced osteonecrosis of the jaw (RIOM) is another common form, occurring in patients who have received radiotherapy to the head and neck for conditions like head and neck cancers. Radiation can damage the blood vessels supplying the jawbone, leading to reduced oxygen and nutrient supply and consequently, bone death.

Symptoms of szárelhalás can include persistent pain, swelling, exposed bone in the mouth, loosening of teeth, and secondary infections. Diagnosis typically involves a thorough clinical examination, imaging studies such as X-rays or CT scans, and sometimes a biopsy. Treatment aims to manage pain, prevent or treat infection, and promote healing, which can be challenging due to the compromised nature of the bone. Prevention strategies are crucial, especially in patients at risk, involving meticulous oral hygiene and careful consideration of dental procedures.