Szájszárasság

Szájszárasság, also known as dry mouth or xerostomia, is a condition characterized by a subjective feeling of dryness in the mouth. It is not a disease in itself but rather a symptom that can have numerous underlying causes. The primary function of saliva is to moisten the mouth, aid in chewing and swallowing, initiate digestion, and protect teeth from decay. When saliva production is insufficient, these functions can be impaired.

Common causes of szájszárasság include certain medications, particularly those used to treat depression, anxiety, allergies, and high blood pressure. Dehydration is another frequent culprit; insufficient fluid intake can directly reduce saliva flow. Medical treatments like radiation therapy for head and neck cancers can damage salivary glands, leading to chronic dry mouth. Autoimmune diseases, such as Sjögren's syndrome, where the immune system attacks moisture-producing glands, are also significant causes. Lifestyle factors like smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and recreational drug use can also contribute.

The consequences of szájszárasság extend beyond discomfort. Reduced saliva can lead to difficulty speaking, chewing, and swallowing. It increases the risk of dental problems, including cavities, gum disease, and oral infections like thrush. Bad breath (halitosis) is also a common symptom. Management strategies focus on addressing the underlying cause whenever possible. Increasing fluid intake, chewing sugar-free gum or sucking on sugar-free candies to stimulate saliva, and using over-the-counter saliva substitutes can provide relief. Regular dental check-ups are crucial for individuals experiencing chronic dry mouth to prevent dental complications.