Syväpurkautuminen

Syväpurkautuminen, known in English as deep discharge, refers to the process where a rechargeable battery is discharged to a voltage level significantly below its normal operating range. This can occur if a device continues to draw power after the battery's low-voltage cutoff mechanism has activated or if the cutoff mechanism is absent or faulty. While some battery chemistries are more susceptible to damage from deep discharge than others, it generally leads to a reduction in the battery's lifespan and capacity.

The detrimental effects of deep discharge stem from chemical reactions within the battery that become irreversible at very low voltage levels. For instance, in lithium-ion batteries, deep discharge can cause the copper current collector to dissolve or plate, leading to internal short circuits. Lead-acid batteries can suffer from sulfation, where lead sulfate crystals become difficult to convert back to active materials during charging.

To prevent deep discharge, many electronic devices incorporate low-voltage cutoff circuits. These circuits monitor the battery voltage and disconnect the load when it reaches a predetermined safe minimum. Proper battery management systems are crucial for maximizing the lifespan and performance of rechargeable batteries. Users can also help by avoiding prolonged use of devices after low battery warnings appear and by using appropriate chargers.