Syrahydroklorid

Syrahydroklorid, commonly known as hydrochloric acid (chemical formula HCl), is a colorless, highly corrosive solution of hydrogen chloride in water. It is a strong mineral acid that fully dissociates in aqueous solution, yielding hydronium and chloride ions. Concentrated solutions typically contain about 37% HCl by weight and have a density around 1.18–1.19 g/mL; the solution fumes in moist air.

In its gaseous form, hydrogen chloride is readily soluble in water and forms a clear, strongly acidic solution. The vapors are irritating and can cause respiratory discomfort. Hydrochloric acid is miscible with water in all proportions and is highly reactive with many substances, particularly metals and carbonates.

Industrial production of hydrochloric acid is usually by dissolving hydrogen chloride gas in water. The gas is commonly generated by reacting sodium chloride with concentrated sulfuric acid to give HCl gas and sodium sulfate, which is then absorbed in water to form the aqueous acid. An alternative route is direct synthesis of HCl from hydrogen and chlorine gases, used in specific industrial settings.

Applications of syrahydroklorid include pH control and neutralization in chemical manufacturing, metal cleaning and pickling, and the production of various inorganic and organic chlorides. It serves as a reagent in organic synthesis and as a catalyst or reactant in multiple processes. It is also used in the dye, leather, and food industries as an acidity regulator in some applications.

Safety and handling: hydrochloric acid is highly corrosive to skin, eyes, and mucous membranes. Inhalation can irritate the respiratory tract, and contact with metals releases flammable hydrogen gas. It should be stored in corrosion-resistant containers, kept away from incompatible substances, and used with proper ventilation and personal protective equipment.