Sydänvaltimotromboosi

Sydänvaltimotromboosi, also known as coronary artery thrombosis, is a medical condition that occurs when a blood clot forms in one of the coronary arteries. These arteries supply oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. A thrombosis in these arteries can significantly reduce or completely block blood flow, leading to a heart attack, or myocardial infarction.

The formation of a thrombus in a coronary artery is often a complication of atherosclerosis, a condition characterized by the buildup of plaque within the artery walls. When this plaque ruptures, it triggers a cascade of events that leads to clot formation. Factors contributing to atherosclerosis and subsequent thrombosis include high cholesterol levels, high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, obesity, and a sedentary lifestyle. Genetic predisposition also plays a role.

Symptoms of sydänvaltimotromboosi can vary but often include chest pain or discomfort (angina), which may radiate to the arm, neck, jaw, or back. Other signs can include shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and dizziness. The severity and duration of symptoms depend on the extent of the blockage and the amount of heart muscle affected.

Diagnosis typically involves an electrocardiogram (ECG) to assess the heart's electrical activity, blood tests to detect cardiac enzymes that are released when heart muscle is damaged, and imaging studies such as coronary angiography. Treatment aims to restore blood flow to the heart muscle as quickly as possible. This may involve medications to dissolve the clot (thrombolytics) or procedures like angioplasty and stenting to open the blocked artery. Lifestyle modifications and long-term medication are often prescribed to prevent future events.