Syanoryhmät

Syanoryhmät, also known as nitrile groups, are a functional group in organic chemistry characterized by a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. The general formula for a syanoryhmä is -C≡N. This functional group is polar due to the significant electronegativity difference between carbon and nitrogen, and the triple bond makes it relatively unreactive compared to other carbon-nitrogen bonds.

Syanoryhmät are found in various organic compounds, including nitriles. These compounds can be synthesized through several methods, such as the dehydration of amides or the reaction of alkyl halides with cyanide salts. The syanoryhmä can undergo a variety of chemical transformations. For example, it can be hydrolyzed to carboxylic acids or reduced to amines. It can also participate in addition reactions.

The syanoryhmä plays a role in the synthesis of polymers, pharmaceuticals, and dyes. Its presence can influence the physical and chemical properties of a molecule, affecting its solubility, reactivity, and biological activity. While the term "syanoryhmä" is often used interchangeably with "nitrile group," it specifically refers to the -C≡N functional unit itself.