Suprapubic

Suprapubic describes anatomical structures or procedures located above the pubic symphysis. In human anatomy, the suprapubic region lies on the lower abdomen, between the pubic bone and the umbilicus, and overlies the bladder when it is distended. The term is used in clinical descriptions of injuries, punctures, or surgical access in this area.

Suprapubic catheterization involves placing a catheter through the abdominal wall, just above the pubic bone, into the bladder. It is used when urethral catheterization is not feasible or fails, such as after urethral trauma, urethral obstruction, or for long-term urinary drainage in certain patients (for example, after spinal cord injury). The procedure can be performed percutaneously under local anesthesia or surgically, and may be temporary or permanent. Proper technique and asepsis are essential to reduce infection and other complications.

Suprapubic aspiration is an alternative method to obtain urine or drain the bladder by inserting a needle or cannula through the suprapubic area into the bladder. It is commonly used in newborns or when urethral access is contraindicated, and carries risks such as bladder or bowel injury, infection, and urinary leakage. Imaging guidance, such as ultrasound, can improve safety.

Complications associated with suprapubic procedures include infection, catheter blockage or dislodgement, bladder rupture, bowel injury, fistula formation, and long-term discomfort. Patient selection and follow-up care are guided by urological or surgical teams.