Superinfezione

Superinfezione, also known as secondary infection, refers to an infection that occurs in a host that is already infected with another disease. This can happen when a primary infection weakens the immune system, making the host more susceptible to other pathogens. Alternatively, a superinfezione can arise from the proliferation of opportunistic microorganisms that are normally kept in check by a healthy immune system or by the initial treatment of the primary infection.

A common example of superinfezione is the development of fungal infections, such as Candida albicans, in individuals undergoing antibiotic therapy. Antibiotics, while targeting bacterial pathogens, can also eliminate beneficial bacteria that normally prevent fungal overgrowth. This imbalance allows fungi to multiply, leading to a secondary infection. Similarly, viral infections like influenza can weaken the respiratory tract, making individuals vulnerable to bacterial pneumonia as a superinfezione.

The treatment of superinfezioni often requires addressing both the primary and secondary infections. This may involve a combination of antimicrobial agents, sometimes different from those used for the initial illness. Managing superinfezioni is crucial for patient recovery and preventing complications.