Suhu

Suhu is a measure of the warmth or coldness of a body or environment. In physics, temperature is a scalar quantity that reflects the average kinetic energy of the particles in a system and determines the direction of heat flow when objects are in contact.

Common scales include Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K). The Kelvin scale is the SI base unit for thermodynamic temperature; absolute zero is 0 K, equal to −273.15 °C. The relation between Celsius and Fahrenheit is F = C × 9/5 + 32.

Temperature is measured with thermometers, including glass thermometers, digital thermometers, thermocouples, and infrared sensors. The choice of device depends on context, such as weather measurements, medical use, or industrial processes.

Room temperature is typically around 20–25 °C; water freezes at 0 °C and boils at 100 °C at one atmosphere. Human body temperature is about 36.5–37.5 °C. Temperature governs weather, climate, cooking, biology, and many engineering processes.

Important distinctions: temperature is a property of matter, whereas heat is energy in transit that moves due to a temperature difference. When two objects come into thermal contact, heat flows from the hotter to the cooler object until thermal equilibrium (equal temperatures) is reached.

History: the Celsius scale was introduced by Anders Celsius in 1742; the Fahrenheit scale by Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit in the early 18th century; the Kelvin scale by William Thomson in the 19th century. In Indonesian usage, suhu commonly refers to temperature, as in suhu udara or suhu badan.