Suhrawardiya

The Suhrawardiya is one of the major Sufi orders (tariqa) of Islam. It was founded by Abu al-Najib al-Suhrawardi in the 12th century. His grandson, Shihab al-Din al-Suhrawardi, further developed and spread the order, making it one of the most influential Sufi movements in the Islamic world, particularly in Persia, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.

The Suhrawardiya order emphasizes a balanced approach to Sufism, integrating mystical practices with adherence to Islamic law (Sharia). Unlike some other orders that might focus solely on asceticism or ecstatic states, the Suhrawardiya encourages its followers to engage with the world and maintain a respectable social and economic life. Key teachings include the importance of divine love, the remembrance of God (dhikr), and the concept of the "Presence of God" in all things.

Disciples typically undergo a period of spiritual training under a shaykh, often involving meditation, prayer, and the recitation of specific litanies. The order's influence grew through its network of khanqahs (Sufi lodges) which served as centers for spiritual guidance, education, and social welfare. Prominent figures associated with the order, besides its founders, include figures like Baha-ud-din Zakariyya in Multan, who played a significant role in establishing the Suhrawardiya in India. The order's legacy continues to be felt through its teachings and practices in various Muslim communities.