SubmarineLaunched

Submarine-launched refers to weapons or operations that are launched from a submarine. The most widely used forms are submarine-launched ballistic missiles (SLBMs), submarine-launched cruise missiles (SLCMs), and conventional torpedoes delivered from submarines. SLBMs are carried by ballistic-m missile submarines and are launched while the submarine remains submerged, typically from vertical launch tubes. This configuration provides a stealthy, survivable delivery method with global reach, forming a core component of strategic deterrence in several nations’ armed forces. The development of SLBMs began in the mid-20th century with programs such as the United States Polaris, followed by Poseidon and Trident programs; other nations have since fielded their own SSBN fleets with modern missiles such as the Trident II D5, the Soviet/Russian Bulava, and others.

Submarine-launched cruise missiles (SLCMs), such as the Tomahawk family, are launched from submarines to strike land targets or ships at long range. They are typically deployed from dedicated vertical launch tubes or from torpedo tubes and provide precision strike capabilities without exposing the submarine on the surface. Submarines also routinely launch conventional or tactical torpedoes from torpedo tubes for anti-submarine, anti-ship, and hunter-killer operations. Some navies operate SSGNs (guided-missile submarines) that carry large numbers of cruise missiles for surface warfare and strike missions.

The submarine-launched approach offers advantages of stealth, rapid global reach, and survivability, but requires advanced launch systems, training, and maintenance. It remains a central element of naval doctrine in several major powers and continues to evolve with new propulsion, guidance, and payload technologies.