Sublingualis

The sublingualis muscle, also known as the sublingual muscle, is a small, paired muscle located beneath the tongue in the oral cavity. It plays a role in the movement and manipulation of the tongue, contributing to functions such as speech, swallowing, and mastication. This muscle is part of the group of muscles known as the intrinsic muscles of the tongue, which are responsible for shaping and positioning the tongue during various oral activities.

Anatomically, the sublingualis muscle arises from the greater horn of the hyoid bone and the adjacent parts of the mandible. It inserts into the body of the tongue, blending with the surrounding musculature. The muscle is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII), which provides motor control, while sensory innervation is typically carried by branches of the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V).

In addition to its role in tongue movement, the sublingualis muscle may also contribute to the elevation of the tongue floor, aiding in the formation of the oral cavity's floor during swallowing. This muscle, along with others in the tongue, works in coordination with the surrounding structures, including the salivary glands, to facilitate complex oral functions.

Pathological conditions affecting the sublingualis muscle are relatively rare but can occur due to trauma, infection, or neurological disorders. For example, muscle atrophy or weakness might arise from conditions such as myasthenia gravis or other neuromuscular diseases. Surgical interventions or physical therapy may be required in cases where dysfunction significantly impacts speech, swallowing, or oral function.