Subkutane

Subkutane is a term used in several languages to describe structures, processes, or interventions that occur beneath the skin. In English, the corresponding term is subcutaneous. The subcutaneous layer, or hypodermis, lies beneath the dermis and comprises loose connective tissue and adipose tissue. It contains smaller networks of blood vessels and nerves and serves as insulation, energy storage, and cushioning. The fat distribution in this layer varies with age, sex, body composition, and hormonal factors; it tends to be thicker in certain regions such as the abdomen and thighs in adults, and more uniform in children.

In medicine, subcutaneous refers to injections or procedures delivered into this layer rather than into muscle or a vein. Subcutaneous injections are used for certain medications such as hormones and diabetes treatments. Common injection sites include the abdomen, outer upper arm, and thigh; depth and angle of insertion depend on needle length and patient habitus. Absorption is generally slower and more variable than intramuscular administration. Repeated injections can lead to lipohypertrophy or lipoatrophy, affecting absorption.

Pathologies affecting the subcutaneous tissue include cellulitis (bacterial infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue), panniculitis (inflammation of fat tissue), and edema where fluid collects in the subcutaneous space. Imaging modalities such as ultrasound, CT, or MRI can assess subcutaneous thickness and integrity for diagnostic purposes.

Etymology: from Latin subcutaneus, from sub- under + cutis skin.