Stålbillar

Stålbillar is a Swedish term that translates to "steel balls" or "steel beetles" and most commonly refers to a type of large, heavy, spherical projectiles used in medieval warfare. These were typically made of cast iron or solid steel and were fired from siege engines like trebuchets and catapults. Their primary purpose was to batter down stone walls and fortifications, or to inflict damage on enemy troops and structures from a distance.

The sheer weight and density of stålbillar made them devastating weapons. They could shatter stone, collapse wooden structures, and cause significant casualties. The effectiveness of these projectiles contributed to the development of more robust defensive architecture, including thicker walls and moats, to withstand their impact. The production of such heavy ordnance required skilled metalworkers and significant resources, indicating their importance in military campaigns.

While the term "stålbillar" specifically points to steel, similar projectiles made from cast iron were also widely used during the same period and served the same purpose. The distinction might lie in the material's superior strength and durability, potentially allowing for a more consistent and powerful impact. After the advent of gunpowder artillery, the use of large stone and metal projectiles from mechanical siege engines gradually declined.