Stroji

Stroji is a Czech word referring to machines, devices, or apparatuses that enable work by converting energy into motion or force. In engineering and physics, machines are analyzed by how they alter the magnitude or direction of a force, or by how they transfer energy between inputs and outputs. The term covers a broad range of equipment—from simple tools to complex automated systems—and is used in technical, industrial, and everyday contexts.

Machines can be classified by function or complexity. Simple machines include levers, inclined planes, wedges, screws, pulleys, and wheels and axles, which by themselves provide mechanical advantage. Complex machines integrate multiple simple machines and additional components such as gears, belts, hydraulic or pneumatic actuators, sensors, and control systems. Modern stroji often involve automation and digital control, enabling tasks with speed, precision, and repeatability beyond human capability.

Historically, the concept of machines dates to ancient civilizations, with devices described by Archimedes and Heron of Alexandria. The Industrial Revolution expanded machine use in manufacturing, transportation, and construction. Today, stroji are central to global industry, from manufacturing lines to consumer electronics, and ongoing research focuses on efficiency, reliability, safety, and sustainability.