Streusalz

Streusalz, known in English as road salt or rock salt, is sodium chloride used to melt ice and snow on roads, sidewalks, and other paved surfaces during winter weather. It is typically derived from mined halite or refined salt and may contain small amounts of impurities. Commercial Streusalz often comes with additives such as anti-caking agents or corrosion inhibitors to improve handling and reduce damage to metal and concrete. It is intended for de-icing purposes and is not suitable for human consumption.

Mechanism and effectiveness: When applied to ice, dissolving salt creates a saline solution that lowers the freezing point of water, enabling meltwater to form at subfreezing temperatures. The effectiveness depends on temperature, moisture, and application rate. Conventional road salt remains effective down to roughly −9 to −12 °C, beyond which its performance declines. At very low temperatures, alternative de-icers such as calcium chloride or potassium acetate may be used, sometimes in blends with salt to balance cost and performance.

Environmental and safety considerations: Intensive use raises salinity in soils and surface waters, which can affect plants, soil life, and aquatic ecosystems. Salt can accelerate corrosion of vehicles, bridges, and concrete, and it may irritate skin and eyes. Animals may ingest salt accidentally. Practices to mitigate harm include using pre-wetted or blended products, limiting application to necessary areas, combining salt with sand for traction, and storing material in covered facilities. Regulations and guidelines for storage, handling, and mandated concentrations vary by country and region.