Stresszreakció

Stresszreakció, often translated as stress response or stress reaction, refers to the physiological and psychological changes that occur in an organism when it encounters a perceived threat or challenge, known as a stressor. This automatic, involuntary response is a fundamental survival mechanism designed to prepare the body for "fight or flight."

The immediate physiological effects of a stress reaction are mediated by the autonomic nervous system, specifically the sympathetic division. This leads to the release of stress hormones, primarily adrenaline and cortisol. These hormones trigger a cascade of physical changes, including increased heart rate, blood pressure, respiration rate, and blood sugar levels, while diverting blood flow away from non-essential functions like digestion. Muscles tense up, senses become heightened, and the body enters a state of increased alertness and energy mobilization.

Psychologically, a stress reaction can manifest as feelings of anxiety, fear, irritability, or a sense of being overwhelmed. Cognitive functions like concentration and decision-making can also be temporarily impaired. While acute stress reactions are a normal and often beneficial response to immediate danger, chronic or prolonged exposure to stressors can lead to a sustained stress response. This persistent activation of the stress system can have detrimental effects on physical and mental health, contributing to a range of conditions including cardiovascular problems, weakened immune function, digestive issues, sleep disturbances, and mental health disorders. Understanding the stress reaction is crucial for developing strategies to manage stress effectively and mitigate its negative consequences.