Stratifikationen

Stratifikationen, a term derived from the Latin word "stratum" meaning layer, refers to the hierarchical arrangement of individuals or groups within a society. This layering is based on various factors, leading to unequal distribution of resources, power, and social status. Common bases for stratification include social class, race, ethnicity, gender, age, and occupation.

Societies are not homogenous; instead, they exhibit a stratified structure where different layers or strata have varying access to wealth, education, healthcare, and opportunities. This stratification can be both ascribed, meaning it is determined by birth (like race or gender), and achieved, meaning it is earned through individual effort and merit (like educational attainment or career success).

The study of stratification is central to sociology, as it helps understand social inequality, social mobility, and the dynamics of power within a society. Different sociological theories offer various explanations for why stratification exists and how it is maintained. For instance, functionalist perspectives suggest stratification serves a purpose by motivating individuals to fill important societal roles, while conflict theory argues it is a result of power struggles and exploitation between dominant and subordinate groups. The persistence of stratification often leads to social stratification, impacting life chances and social outcomes for individuals across different strata.