Stoßströmen

Stoßströmen, also known as hydraulic jumps, are a phenomenon that occurs in open channel flow when a supercritical flow (fast and shallow) abruptly transitions to a subcritical flow (slow and deep). This transition is characterized by a sudden increase in depth and a decrease in velocity, resulting in a distinct jump or wave in the water surface. The term "Stoßströmen" is derived from the German words "Stoß" meaning "shock" and "Strömen" meaning "stream," reflecting the abrupt nature of the flow transition.

Hydraulic jumps are commonly observed in rivers, spillways, and other open channels. They can be classified into two main types: steady and unsteady jumps. Steady jumps occur when the flow conditions are constant over time, while unsteady jumps occur when the flow conditions change rapidly. The location of the jump is influenced by factors such as the channel slope, flow rate, and the initial depth of the flow.

The hydraulic jump is a critical feature in the design and operation of hydraulic structures, as it can significantly affect the flow characteristics and energy dissipation. Understanding the behavior of hydraulic jumps is essential for engineers and researchers working in the field of fluid mechanics and hydraulic engineering. Various mathematical models and experimental studies have been conducted to analyze and predict the behavior of hydraulic jumps under different conditions.