Stormflodbølger

Stormflodbølger, often translated as storm surges, are a significant coastal hazard. They are temporary and abnormal rises in sea level accompanying a storm, generated by the combination of low atmospheric pressure and strong onshore winds. The low pressure allows the sea surface to bulge upwards, while the winds push the water towards the coast. This effect is amplified in shallow coastal areas and funnel-shaped bays.

The height of a storm surge is influenced by several factors. The intensity and duration of the storm are crucial, as are the bathymetry (seabed topography) of the area and the shape of the coastline. Tidal cycles also play a role; a storm surge occurring at high tide will result in a much higher total water level than one occurring at low tide, leading to more severe flooding.

Storm surges can cause extensive damage to coastal infrastructure, erode beaches and dunes, and threaten human life. They are a primary concern in low-lying coastal regions and island nations. Mitigation strategies include the construction of sea defenses like dikes and barriers, early warning systems, and land-use planning that restricts development in vulnerable areas. Understanding the dynamics of storm surges is essential for effective coastal management and disaster preparedness.