Storm

A storm is a complex and often violent disturbance in the atmosphere characterized by strong winds and various forms of precipitation. It encompasses a range of phenomena from light rain showers to powerful systems capable of causing widespread damage. The term is often used for weather events with sufficient energy and persistence to produce notable effects.

Common types include thunderstorms, tropical cyclones (hurricanes and typhoons), extratropical cyclones (nor'easters and similar systems), snowstorms and ice storms, and dust or sandstorms. Thunderstorms form in cumulonimbus clouds when warm, moist air rises rapidly, generating thunder, lightning, heavy rain, and sometimes hail. Tropical cyclones are rotating low-pressure systems fueled by warm ocean waters. Extratropical cyclones form along frontal boundaries and can bring strong winds and precipitation. Snow and ice storms reduce visibility and mobility; dust and sand storms reduce air quality and visibility.

Storms develop when heat and moisture rise; lifting mechanisms include convection, fronts, and topography. Energy is released as latent heat during condensation, contributing to storm structure and intensity. The atmosphere’s rotation, land-ocean contrasts, and wind shear influence organization and severity.

Impacts include wind damage, flooding, lightning, hail, storm surge, and disruptions to transportation and power. Forecasts and warnings rely on satellites, radar, weather stations, and numerical models to estimate location, intensity, and timing. Preparedness measures include weather advisories, safe sheltering, and securing belongings.

While storms are natural parts of Earth's climate system, their frequency and intensity are influenced by regional climate patterns and, in some cases, long-term climate change.