Stjórnarskráir

Stjórnarskráir are the fundamental laws of a country, outlining the structure of government, the rights of citizens, and the principles upon which the nation is founded. In Iceland, the current constitution, referred to as stjórnarskrá Lýðveldisins Íslands, was adopted in 1944. It has undergone several amendments since then, with significant revisions occurring in 2010 and 2013. The stjórnarskrá establishes Iceland as a parliamentary republic with a president as the head of state and a prime minister as the head of government. It guarantees a range of civil liberties and human rights, including freedom of speech, religion, and assembly. The legislative power is vested in the Althing, Iceland's parliament, while the judicial power is exercised by the courts. The stjórnarskrá also details the process for amending the constitution itself, typically requiring a supermajority in the Althing and potentially a national referendum. Its provisions are designed to ensure democratic governance, the rule of law, and the protection of individual freedoms within Iceland.