Stimmbandlähmungen

Stimmbandlähmungen, also known as vocal cord paralysis, occur when one or both of the vocal cords do not move properly. This can result in a weakened or absent voice, hoarseness, difficulty breathing, and a sensation of a lump in the throat. The vocal cords are two bands of muscle tissue located in the larynx, or voice box, that control sound production by vibrating as air passes through them.

There are several causes for vocal cord paralysis. Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which controls the vocal cords, is a common culprit. This nerve can be injured during surgery, particularly thyroid or neck surgery, or due to trauma. Viral infections, tumors pressing on the nerve, and certain neurological conditions like Parkinson's disease or stroke can also lead to paralysis. In some cases, the cause remains unknown, referred to as idiopathic paralysis.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination of the throat and larynx, often using a laryngoscope or endoscope to visualize the vocal cords. Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans may be used to identify underlying causes such as tumors or nerve damage. Treatment strategies depend on the cause and severity of the paralysis. For temporary paralysis, voice rest and speech therapy can be beneficial. In cases of permanent paralysis, surgical interventions may be considered to improve voice quality or airway function, such as vocal fold injection or arytenoid adduction.