Stereomikrofonistusmenetelmät

Stereomikrofonistusmenetelmät refers to the various techniques used to record audio using two microphones in order to capture a stereo sound image. The primary goal is to reproduce the spatial characteristics of the original sound source, including its width, depth, and position within the stereo field. These methods aim to create a more immersive and realistic listening experience compared to mono recording.

One of the most common stereophonic microphone techniques is the spaced pair, often referred to as AB stereo. This involves placing two omnidirectional microphones at a specific distance apart, typically facing the sound source. The distance between the microphones dictates the width of the stereo image. Another popular method is the coincident pair, or XY stereo, where two directional microphones are placed as close together as possible, with their capsules on the same axis or angled towards each other. This technique is known for its excellent mono compatibility.

ORTF, or Office de Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française, is a technique that uses two cardioid microphones spaced 17 centimeters apart and angled at 110 degrees. This configuration offers a balance between the spaciousness of spaced pairs and the mono compatibility of coincident pairs. Mid-side (MS) stereo is a more complex technique that uses a cardioid microphone pointing directly at the sound source (mid) and a bidirectional microphone placed perpendicular to it (side). The mid and side signals are then combined in various ways during post-production to control the stereo width. Other variations and combinations of these basic principles exist, each offering unique sonic characteristics suitable for different recording situations and desired outcomes. The choice of stereomikrofonistusmenetelmät depends on factors such as the acoustic environment, the type of sound source, and the intended playback system.