Standmains

Standmains are a type of traditional Scottish fortification. They are typically circular earthworks with a ditch and bank, often featuring a palisade on top of the bank. These structures were common in the Iron Age and were used for defensive purposes by communities. The term "standmain" is derived from Old Norse, meaning "stone place" or "standing place," though many examples are primarily earth and timber rather than stone.

The exact function of standmains is debated among archaeologists. While their defensive capabilities are evident, some may have also served as centers for social gatherings or as symbols of status and power for the inhabitants. Their strategic placement on elevated ground or near water sources suggests a deliberate choice for visibility and resource access.

Excavations of standmains have revealed evidence of habitation, including post holes for buildings, hearths, and pottery fragments. The size and complexity of a standmain could vary significantly, indicating differences in the size and influence of the communities that built them. While some are relatively small, others are quite substantial and would have required considerable labor to construct. The study of standmains provides valuable insights into the settlement patterns, social organization, and defensive strategies of ancient peoples in Scotland.