Standartizavimas

Standartizavimas, or standardization, is the systematic activity of developing and applying standards—agreements that specify requirements, specifications, or criteria for products, services, and processes. The aim is to ensure compatibility, safety, quality, efficiency, and interoperability across markets and sectors.

The standardization process usually involves stakeholders from industry, government, consumers, and academia; it is typically based on consensus, with technical committees drafting standards, public consultations, and periodic revisions. National standard bodies coordinate with international bodies such as ISO and IEC to harmonize standards.

Core components include standard development, conformity assessment (testing, inspection, certification), metrology and calibration, and accreditation. Standards can be voluntary, but in many jurisdictions they are used in law or regulation by reference or as a basis for conformity requirements.

Benefits include easier cross-border trade, improved product safety and reliability, environmental protection, and support for innovation. Challenges include keeping standards up-to-date in fast-changing technologies, avoiding duplication or fragmentation, and managing compliance costs for businesses.

Examples of widely used standard families include ISO 9001 for quality management, ISO 14001 for environmental management, and ISO/IEC 27001 for information security. National and sector-specific standards address industry-specific needs and local regulations. The field continues to evolve with digitalization, sustainability, and global trade.