Spytkirtlerne

Spytkirtlerne, or salivary glands, are exocrine glands in the mouths of mammals. They produce saliva, a fluid that aids in digestion, lubrication, and oral hygiene. Humans have three major pairs of salivary glands: the parotid glands, the submandibular glands, and the sublingual glands, as well as numerous smaller, minor salivary glands scattered throughout the oral mucosa.

The parotid glands are the largest and are located near the ears. They secrete a watery saliva rich in enzymes, particularly amylase, which begins the breakdown of carbohydrates. The submandibular glands, situated beneath the jawbone, produce a mixed secretion containing both watery and mucus components. The sublingual glands, located under the tongue, primarily secrete mucus.

Saliva plays a crucial role in taste perception by dissolving food molecules. It also lubricates the mouth, facilitating chewing and swallowing. Furthermore, saliva contains antibacterial agents that help maintain oral health and prevent dental caries. Enzymes in saliva, such as lingual lipase, initiate fat digestion. Salivary glands are innervated by the autonomic nervous system, and their secretion can be stimulated by the sight, smell, or taste of food, as well as by mechanical irritation. Disorders affecting salivary glands can lead to dry mouth (xerostomia), infections, or the formation of stones.