Spesialskole

Spesialskole is a type of educational institution designed to provide specialized instruction and support to students with significant disabilities or complex needs who require more intensive services than those available in mainstream schools. The term is primarily used in Norway, where spesialskoler exist alongside regular schools. In practice, many students receive special education within ordinary schools (spesialundervisning) or via integrated programs, but spesialskoler still operate as separate institutions for those whose educational needs cannot be met in a typical classroom.

Spesialskoler typically offer small class sizes, multidisciplinary teams including teachers specialized in special education, speech and occupational therapists, psychologists, and other professionals. The curriculum is individualized, focusing on functional literacy and numeracy, communication and social skills, daily living skills, and pre-vocational or vocational training where appropriate. Assessments and annual plans guide progress.

Placement in spesialskole is decided by local education authorities, often following a multidisciplinary assessment. Students may transition to mainstream settings when feasible, with continued support. Spesialskoler are often part of the broader system of special education and are subject to national legislation and guidelines aimed at ensuring inclusion, rights to education, and accessibility. Critics argue about segregation versus inclusion and resource allocation, while supporters emphasize tailored teaching and safety for some learners. The landscape varies by country and over time, reflecting evolving views on how best to educate students with diverse needs.