Spanntechnik

Spanntechnik, or clamping technology, is the field focused on securely fixturing workpieces during machining and other processes. It covers devices and systems that hold parts rigidly in place on machine tools, fixtures, jigs, and fixture plates, with the aim of ensuring dimensional accuracy, surface integrity, and safe handling during operation.

The main approaches include mechanical clamping (vise jaws, toggle clamps, screw clamps, spring clamps); hydraulic and pneumatic clamping (hydraulic vises and clamps, pneumatic clamps); magnetic clamping (permanent magnets and electromagnets used for ferromagnetic workpieces); and vacuum clamping (suction-based systems for thin or delicate sheets). For turning and milling, chucking and collet systems, as well as modular fixturing with clamping components, are common. Quick-change and zero-point systems facilitate fast set-up and repeatable referencing.

Key design considerations involve selecting clamping force and its distribution to avoid workpiece distortion and surface damage, achieving high repeatability, and controlling thermal effects. Fixture design must balance rigidity, accessibility for cutting tools, and safe chip evacuation. Use of soft jaws or adaptive jaws can protect delicate surfaces, while modular fixtures and zero-point plates enable flexible, reconfigurable setups.

Applications span metalworking and manufacturing, including milling, turning, drilling, grinding, and aerospace or automotive production. Emerging trends emphasize automation and integration with CNC workflows, modular fixturing, digital monitoring of clamping status, and enhanced safety features.