Sonotrodeja

Sonotrodeja is the plural form of sonotrode in Finnish, referring to multiple ultrasonic horn tools used in ultrasonic applications. In English, the corresponding term is sonotrodes.

A sonotrode is a horn-like device attached to a piezoelectric transducer that converts electrical energy into high-frequency mechanical vibrations and transmits them to a workpiece. The design concentrates energy at the tip, enabling processes such as ultrasonic welding, cleaning, or processing. Frequencies commonly range from about 20 kHz to 40 kHz, with amplitudes from a few tens to several hundred micrometers at the tip.

Materials and design choices vary. Sonotrodes are usually made from tool steel or high-strength stainless steel, sometimes from titanium or aluminum alloys for lighter-duty or specialized frequency ranges. Ceramic or composite materials are used in some high-temperature or high-wear applications. The geometry varies as straight horns, stepped horns, or more complex shapes to control vibration mode and amplitude distribution.

Applications span many industrial and research contexts. They are used in ultrasonic welding of plastics and metals, bonding and sealing of laminates, degassing, cleaning, and surface treatment. In research settings, sonotrodes enable sonochemical reactors and micro-scale processing.

Maintenance and selection considerations are important for performance and longevity. Proper maintenance includes inspection for cracks, corrosion, and wear; keeping contact surfaces smooth; ensuring correct clamping and alignment; and performing amplitude calibration and periodic testing. Selection depends on frequency, material, intended amplitude at the workpiece tip, and the specific application requirements.