Sonnenwende

Sonnenwende, also known as solstice, is a term used to describe the two points in the Earth's orbit around the Sun where the Sun's apparent movement in the sky reverses. This occurs twice annually, around June 21st and December 21st. The term "Sonnenwende" is German for "Sun turn" or "Sun standstill," reflecting the ancient Germanic interpretation of the Sun's apparent halt and reverse in its path across the sky.

The June solstice, known as the summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere and the winter solstice in the Southern Hemisphere, marks the longest day and shortest night of the year. Conversely, the December solstice is the opposite, with the shortest day and longest night. The equinoxes, which occur around March 21st and September 21st, mark the points where day and night are of approximately equal length.

The significance of the solstices has varied across cultures and through history. In many ancient cultures, the solstices were celebrated as significant events, often marking the beginning of the new season. In some modern pagans and neo-pagan religions, the solstices are still observed as sacred times. In astronomy, the solstices are used to define the seasons and are important for understanding the Earth's axial tilt and its effect on climate.

The term "Sonnenwende" is also used in a broader sense to refer to any significant change or reversal in a situation, similar to the English phrase "turning point." This usage is less common but reflects the original meaning of the term.