Solbruning

Solbruning, also known as suntan, is the process by which skin darkens when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. This darkening is a protective response by the body to prevent further damage from UV rays. The primary pigment involved is melanin, produced by specialized cells called melanocytes. When UV radiation penetrates the skin, it stimulates these melanocytes to produce more melanin. This melanin then absorbs UV radiation, scattering it and reducing its ability to reach and damage the DNA within skin cells.

The color of a suntan varies depending on an individual's natural skin tone. People with fairer skin have less melanin to begin with, so their skin may turn red (sunburn) before or instead of tanning significantly. Those with darker skin have more melanin, allowing them to tan more readily and with less risk of immediate burning. While a tan may be considered aesthetically desirable by some, it is important to understand that it is a sign of skin injury. The damage caused by UV radiation can accumulate over time, leading to premature aging of the skin, such as wrinkles and age spots, and significantly increasing the risk of skin cancer, including melanoma. Therefore, sun protection measures like sunscreen, protective clothing, and seeking shade are recommended to minimize UV exposure.