Solarharvesting

Solarharvesting refers to the collection of energy from sunlight to power electronic devices or systems. It typically combines energy capture, storage, and power management. The most common form uses photovoltaic PV cells that convert light into electricity via the photovoltaic effect. PV cells are made from semiconductors such as crystalline silicon, thin films, or emerging materials like perovskites, and are assembled into modules and arrays to meet energy needs. The generated electricity is DC and is stored in batteries or capacitors or used directly after conditioning with power electronics.

Energy storage and power management are essential because solar energy is intermittent. Batteries (such as lithium-ion or lead-acid) or supercapacitors provide reserves, while controllers, DC-DC converters, and maximum power point tracking optimize charging and regulate output for loads. Hybrid approaches may combine solar with other energy sources to improve reliability.

Applications range from off-grid rural electrification and remote sensing to solar-powered consumer electronics, Internet of Things devices, and space missions. In addition to photovoltaics, solar harvesting can utilize solar thermal collectors to produce heat for water or space heating, which can be integrated with heat exchangers or engines in some systems.

Key challenges include weather dependence, diurnal and seasonal variability, material degradation, and end-of-life recycling. Ongoing research aims to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and extend storage duration, expanding the role of solar harvesting across sectors.