Snus

Snus is a moist smokeless tobacco product that is normally placed under the upper lip. Originating in Sweden, it has been widely used there since the 18th century and is now sold worldwide in two main forms: loose snus and portion snus, the latter consisting of small pouches that contain tobacco. Snus is designed to deliver nicotine without combustion and is typically not smoked.

Most snus is made from ground, cured tobacco combined with water, salt, and flavorings; sugar is sometimes added, and the product’s pH is adjusted to enhance nicotine absorption. Modern snus is pasteurized rather than fermented, which lowers certain nitrosamines compared with traditional smokeless tobaccos. Portion snus uses prefilled pouches, while loose snus is a moist powder that users pinch. Available flavors range from tobacco-like to mint and citrus, and nicotine strengths vary.

Regulatory status varies by region. In the European Union, sales of traditional moist snus are restricted in most member states, with Sweden maintaining a special exemption allowing wide sale. In other regions, snus is sold as a tobacco product under age and labeling restrictions. Some authorities view snus as a potential harm-reduction option relative to smoking, but health agencies emphasize that it is not risk-free and individual risks depend on use patterns.

Health considerations include nicotine dependence and exposure to tobacco-related chemicals. Snus contains nicotine and can contribute to cardiovascular risk and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The International Agency for Research on Cancer classifies smokeless tobacco as carcinogenic to humans, and while some studies suggest snus may carry lower cancer risks than other smokeless products, risks remain. Nonuse is advised for youth and pregnant individuals.