Smallmouths

Smallmouths are freshwater fish belonging to the genus Micropterus in the family Centrarchidae. The most well known species is the smallmouth bass, Micropterus dolomieu, which is native to North America and is distinguished from the larger largemouth bass by its smaller gape and more elongated, laterally compressed body. Adult smallmouths typically reach 10 to 30 inches in length, though larger specimens can exceed 40 inches. Their bodies are olive to brownish green above with a silvery belly, and they possess a sharp, slightly curved snout.

These fish inhabit clear, cool streams, rivers, and deep lakes with rocky or sandy substrates. They favor steep, overhanging riffles at the edges of deep pools, where they use vegetation or driftwood for cover. Smallmouths have an adept ability to thrive in a range of temperatures, but they rarely enter very warm water and are less tolerant of muddy environments than their largemouth cousins. Juveniles often move into shallower, vegetated areas to avoid predation.

Smallmouths are opportunistic predators that feed on aquatic invertebrates, small fish, and crustaceans. Adults have been observed targeting smaller fish such as minnows and suckers, as well as crustaceans like crayfish. They are also known to feed on amphibians and terrestrial insects that fall into the water.

The species is highly valued by recreational anglers for its fierce fighting ability and delicious flesh. Populations have declined in some regions due to habitat loss, water pollution, and competition with non-native species, prompting conservation efforts and stocking programs. The smallmouth bass is also used in comparative studies of fish physiology and genetics because of its adaptability to diverse environmental conditions.