Skoliiosis

Scoliosis is a medical condition characterized by an abnormal sideways curvature of the spine. Instead of a straight line, the spine in individuals with scoliosis forms a C or S shape. This curvature can occur anywhere along the spine, but it is most common in the thoracic (mid-back) and lumbar (lower back) regions. The condition can affect people of all ages, from infants to adults, though it is most frequently diagnosed in adolescents.

The exact cause of scoliosis is often unknown, a form known as idiopathic scoliosis, which accounts for the majority of cases. Other causes can include congenital abnormalities (present at birth), neuromuscular conditions such as cerebral palsy or muscular dystrophy, and degenerative changes in the spine that occur with aging. Symptoms vary depending on the severity and location of the curve. Mild scoliosis may not cause noticeable symptoms, while more severe cases can lead to back pain, uneven shoulders or hips, a prominent shoulder blade, and in very extreme cases, affect breathing due to pressure on the lungs.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination, which may include observing the patient's posture and checking for spinal asymmetry. X-rays are used to confirm the diagnosis and measure the degree of curvature. Treatment for scoliosis depends on the severity of the curve, the patient's age, and the potential for progression. For mild curves, observation may be sufficient. Moderate curves might be treated with bracing to prevent further worsening of the curvature. Severe curves or those that are progressing rapidly may require surgery to correct the spinal deformity and prevent complications. Regular monitoring is important for individuals with scoliosis, especially during periods of growth.