Skiascopy

Skiascopy, also known as retinoscopy, is a clinical procedure used by eye care professionals to evaluate the refractive error of the eye. The primary goal of skiascopy is to determine the correct lens prescription needed to correct vision, especially in patients who are unable to communicate their visual acuity effectively, such as young children or uncooperative patients.

The procedure involves the use of a retinoscope, a handheld instrument that emits a directed beam of light into the patient's eye. The practitioner observes the movement or "reflex" of the light reflection from the retina as the light is moved across the eye. By analyzing the direction and speed of the reflex movement, the clinician can deduce whether the eye has myopia (nearsightedness), hyperopia (farsightedness), or astigmatism, and determine the appropriate corrective lenses.

Skiascopy can be performed in various lighting conditions but is typically done in subdued lighting to enhance reflex visibility. It is a valuable technique in pediatric ophthalmology and in situations where subjective refraction is not feasible. The method is non-invasive, rapid, and provides real-time information about refractive status.

While modern automated refractors have supplemented or replaced some aspects of retinoscopy, skiascopy remains a fundamental clinical skill in comprehensive eye examinations. It serves as an essential tool for initial assessments and for confirming findings obtained through other methods. Proper technique and experience are crucial for accurate interpretation of the reflexes and for determining the appropriate corrective prescription.