Silieren

Silieren is the process of preserving forage by fermentation in a silo, used to feed ruminant livestock during periods when fresh forage is not available. The term is used in German-speaking and some European agricultural contexts.

The practice involves harvesting forage with sufficient moisture, chopping to manageable lengths, and placing it in a silo or trench. Air is removed or tightly sealed to create anaerobic conditions. Lactic acid bacteria ferment soluble sugars to lactic acid, lowering the pH and preserving the fodder.

Silage can be made from maize, grasses, alfalfa, or other forage crops. Systems include bunker silos, tower silos, trench silos, and silage bags. Rapid compaction and a tight seal minimize oxygen exposure; inoculants with Lactobacillus species are often added to improve fermentation and stability.

Advantages include high-energy feed with good digestibility, the ability to store forage for extended periods, and reduced spoilage compared to aerobic storage. Risks include improper sealing, mold growth, or clostridial fermentation, which reduce quality and may affect livestock health.

Quality is assessed by smell, color, texture, and pH; typical silage pH is low, roughly around 3.5 to 4.5. Proper storage, timely harvesting, and monitoring of moisture and compaction are essential to maintain feed value and prevent spoilage.