Silanieren

Silanieren is a chemical process used to modify the surface of materials, typically inorganic solids like glass, silica, and metals, by attaching silane compounds. These silane compounds have a general structure R-Si(OR')3, where R is an organic functional group and OR' is a hydrolyzable alkoxy group. During the silanieren process, the alkoxy groups hydrolyze in the presence of water to form reactive silanol groups (-Si-OH). These silanol groups can then condense with hydroxyl groups present on the surface of the inorganic material, forming strong covalent Si-O-Si bonds. Alternatively, silanol groups can condense with each other to form a siloxane network.

The organic functional group R on the silane molecule is chosen based on the desired surface modification. This allows for a wide range of applications. For instance, R can be a hydrophobic group, making the surface water-repellent. It can also be a group that promotes adhesion between dissimilar materials, such as organic polymers and inorganic fillers in composites. Other functional groups can impart properties like anti-fouling, anti-corrosion, or improved biocompatibility. Silanieren is widely used in industries such as coatings, adhesives, sealants, chromatography, and microelectronics to enhance material performance and tailor surface characteristics. The process can be carried out in liquid phase, vapor phase, or as a plasma-assisted treatment, depending on the specific substrate and desired outcome.