Sienijuuri

Sienijuuri, also known as mycorrhiza, is a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a vascular plant. This mutually beneficial relationship is crucial for the survival and growth of a vast majority of terrestrial plants, estimated to be over 90%. The fungus, which lives in the soil and on the plant's roots, extends its hyphae (thread-like structures) far into the soil, effectively increasing the surface area for nutrient and water absorption for the plant. In return, the plant provides the fungus with carbohydrates, primarily sugars produced through photosynthesis.

There are several types of mycorrhizae, with the two most common being ectomycorrhizae and endomycorrhizae. Ectomycorrhizae typically form a sheath around the root tip and penetrate between root cells, commonly found with trees like pines and oaks. Endomycorrhizae, on the other hand, penetrate directly into the plant root cells, with arbuscular mycorrhizae being the most prevalent form, associated with a wide range of crops and herbaceous plants.

The benefits of this symbiotic relationship are significant. Plants inoculated with mycorrhizae often exhibit enhanced growth, improved drought tolerance, and increased resistance to soil-borne diseases. The fungi can also help mobilize and transport essential nutrients, such as phosphorus and nitrogen, from the soil to the plant, which might otherwise be unavailable. This natural partnership plays a vital role in ecosystem health, nutrient cycling, and the overall productivity of terrestrial plant communities.