Sichtanflügen

Sichtanflügen, translated as visual approaches, are a fundamental aspect of aviation operations where pilots rely primarily on visual cues for navigation and landing. Unlike instrument approaches, which utilize cockpit instruments and guidance systems, sightanflügen depend on the pilot's ability to see the runway, surrounding terrain, and other relevant landmarks. This method is typically employed in good weather conditions when visibility is sufficient to maintain situational awareness.

During a sightanflug, pilots use a combination of visual references such as the runway lights, approach lighting systems, and the airport environment itself to guide the aircraft's descent and alignment. Key elements include judging the aircraft's altitude, airspeed, and rate of descent relative to the runway. The pilot must also maintain a stable approach path, ensuring the aircraft is neither too high nor too low, and correctly aligned with the runway centerline.

Sightanflügen are generally considered simpler than instrument approaches, requiring less complex equipment and training. However, they are highly dependent on weather conditions. Reduced visibility due to fog, rain, snow, or darkness can render a sightanflug impossible, necessitating the use of instrument procedures. Pilots are trained extensively in visual scanning techniques and the interpretation of visual cues to ensure safe and efficient landings. The absence of specific navigational aids means that pilot judgment and experience are paramount in a sightanflug.