Shorthaul

Shorthaul, sometimes written as short-haul, refers to movements or links that cover relatively short distances. The term is used across transportation industries—aviation, rail, trucking—as well as in telecommunications to distinguish short-distance networks from long-haul connections.

In aviation, short-haul flights typically cover hundreds to about 1,000–1,500 kilometers; routes are served by smaller aircraft and feature high frequency, rapid turnaround times, and dense schedules. They often form hub-and-spoke networks or point-to-point services in regional markets. Operating economics emphasize quick asset utilization and high seat turnover, while restrictions such as air traffic capacity and gate availability shape schedules. Emissions per passenger-kilometer are often higher on short hops due to climbing and deceleration overhead.

In rail and road freight, short-haul denotes trips within a country or region, typically under a few hundred kilometers. Services emphasize frequent departures, reliable transit times, and equipment optimized for short-stage performance. For trucking, short-haul moves usually mean local or regional deliveries within a day, with drivers often returning home nightly; regulatory constraints, driver hours, and load consolidation influence planning. Short-haul operations can complement long-haul networks by improving distribution speed and flexibility.

In telecommunications, short-haul refers to links that connect nearby locations, such as a city core to its suburbs, using fiber, copper, or wireless media. These links typically require lower bandwidth than long-haul intercity or international circuits and may prioritize low latency and resilience.

The short-haul distinction affects equipment choice, scheduling, and environmental impact, shaping business models and infrastructure needs for carriers, freight operators, and network providers.