Shkaktohet

Shkaktohet is an Albanian verb form that denotes causation in the present passive voice. It translates roughly as “is caused” or “gets caused” in English and is used to indicate that a subject results from a preceding factor or action.

Etymology and form: Shkaktoj means “to cause.” Shkaktohet is the third-person singular present passive form, used when the focus is on the effect or result rather than the actor. The agent of the causation can be expressed with an agent phrase, typically with nga meaning “by.”

Usage and notes: Shkaktohet is common in formal and written Albanian, including scientific, medical, and explanatory contexts. It places the focus on the event or condition that arises, rather than on who caused it. The construction often involves a subject that experiences the effect and an agent introduced by nga to specify the cause. It can also appear in impersonal statements where the agent is unknown or irrelevant.

Examples:

- Kjo gjendje shkaktohet nga stresi dhe presioni. (This condition is caused by stress and pressure.)

- Kjo sëmundje shkaktohet nga një infektim viral. (This disease is caused by a viral infection.)

- Problemi shkaktohet nga një defekt në sistemin tërë. (The problem is caused by a defect in the system.)

See also: shkak (cause), shkaktoj (to cause), shkaktar (causer).