Setemuskulatur

Setemuskulatur is a term used in some Scandinavian languages to refer to the musculature of the buttocks and surrounding pelvic region. In broader medical usage, it is often described as the gluteal musculature, comprising the muscles that move and stabilize the hip and pelvis.

The main muscles in this region are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus is the largest muscle and is primarily involved in hip extension and outward rotation. The gluteus medius and minimus lie deeper and primarily abduct the thigh and stabilize the pelvis during walking. Several smaller deep lateral rotator muscles, such as the piriformis, gemelli, obturator internus and quadratus femoris, contribute to hip rotation and joint stability. The region also includes connective tissue structures and, in a broader sense, the tensor fasciae latae, which assists in thigh stabilization.

Functions of the setemuskulatur include enabling hip movement (flexion, extension, abduction and rotation), supporting upright posture, and stabilizing the pelvis during gait and standing. The muscles act together to control leg position, absorb impact, and transfer force between the trunk and lower limb.

Innervation is supplied mainly by the gluteal nerves: the superior gluteal nerve innervates the gluteus medius and minimus, while the inferior gluteal nerve supplies the gluteus maximus. The deep external rotators receive their nerves from branches of the sacral plexus.

Clinically, weakness or imbalance in the setemuskulatur can affect walking and posture, potentially causing gait deviations such as a Trendelenburg sign. Common issues include gluteal tendinopathy, strain, or piriformis syndrome. Rehabilitation typically emphasizes strengthening, stabilization, and flexibility exercises for the gluteal group.