SerologieTest

SerologieTest is a laboratory assay designed to detect antibodies or antigens in blood or other body fluids. It is used to determine whether an individual has mounted an immune response to a pathogen, has been exposed in the past, or has immunity from vaccination.

Most serology tests rely on antigen–antibody interactions and produce a measurable signal such as a color change or light emission. Common platforms include ELISA, rapid lateral flow immunoassays, immunofluorescence assays, and Western blot. ELISA tests are widely used for screening and measurement of antibody or antigen levels; lateral flow assays provide quick results at point of care; Western blot is often used as a confirmatory test for certain infections.

Applications: detection of infections (for example HIV, hepatitis B and C, SARS-CoV-2), assessment of vaccination status, diagnosis of autoimmune diseases, and screening of blood donors. They can distinguish recent from past infection in some contexts based on antibody types (IgM vs IgG) or avidity, though this is not universal.

Limitations: serology results can be affected by the timing of infection, immune status, and cross-reactivity with related pathogens. False positives or false negatives may occur and are influenced by test design and population prevalence. Serology is not always suitable for diagnosing acute infection and is typically used alongside molecular tests or clinical assessment.

Regulatory and quality aspects: tests are validated for sensitivity and specificity and conducted in certified laboratories under quality management procedures. Results should be interpreted by qualified professionals in light of clinical information.