Senhora

Senhora is a Portuguese term of address for an adult woman, used to convey respect or indicate social status. It corresponds to English equivalents such as Mrs., Ms., or Madam. The word can be used before a person’s name (Senhora Silva) or alone as a polite form of address (a senhora). The title is capitalized when placed before a surname or full name and remains lowercase in general reference.

Etymology and form: senhora derives from noble Latin roots meaning elder or senior, with the feminine form used in Portuguese to denote a mature or respected woman. The masculine counterpart is senhor. There are related forms such as senhora and senhora de honra in some formal or ceremonial contexts.

Usage and context: In Portugal and Brazil, senhora is a standard, formal form of address for adult women, often signifying politeness, distance, or professional formality. It is distinct from the more intimate Dona, which is a separate honorific used with a given name (e.g., Dona Maria) to express affection or respect. The diminutive senhorita exists as a counterpart to Miss, but its usage varies and can be considered outdated or overly formal in contemporary Brazil.

Religion and culture: In religious contexts, Nossa Senhora is a common term referring to the Virgin Mary (Our Lady). The term Senhora also appears in Marian titles such as Nossa Senhora do Carmo, reflecting its broader cultural significance beyond everyday address.

Relations to other languages: Senhora is cognate with the Spanish señora. In Spanish-speaking contexts, a parallel term is used (señora) with similar functions, though usage patterns differ by country.