Selkäydintulehdus

Selkäydintulehdus, also known as myelitis, is an inflammation of the spinal cord. It can affect any part of the spinal cord, from the neck down to the lower back. The inflammation can damage nerve cells and their coverings, leading to a range of neurological symptoms.

The causes of selkäydintulehdus are diverse. It can be triggered by infections, including viral (such as enteroviruses, West Nile virus, or herpes zoster), bacterial, fungal, or parasitic agents. It can also be an autoimmune condition, where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the spinal cord. Multiple sclerosis (MS) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are examples of such conditions. Other causes include trauma, vascular problems affecting blood supply to the spinal cord, and reactions to vaccinations.

Symptoms of selkäydintulehdus typically develop rapidly, often over hours or days, and can include weakness or paralysis in the limbs, sensory changes like numbness or tingling, pain, loss of bladder or bowel control, and difficulty with coordination. The severity and location of symptoms depend on which part of the spinal cord is inflamed and the extent of the damage.

Diagnosis involves a neurological examination, imaging studies like MRI scans to visualize the spinal cord, and laboratory tests such as lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to analyze cerebrospinal fluid for signs of inflammation or infection. Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, manage the underlying cause, and alleviate symptoms. This may involve corticosteroids, plasma exchange, antiviral or antibiotic medications, and rehabilitation therapy. The prognosis varies depending on the cause, severity, and promptness of treatment.