Selfbonding

Selfbonding refers to bonding that occurs without the use of separate bonding agents or interlayers. In selfbonding systems, the materials or surfaces are designed to form a bond through inherent chemical functionality, surface energy, or processing conditions such as curing, heating, or pressing. This contrasts with adhesive bonding that relies on primers, glues, or intermediary substances to create an interface.

The mechanisms behind selfbonding include chemical reactions between functional groups on opposing surfaces, diffusion and interdiffusion across interfaces, and micromechanical interlocking that develops as materials coalesce during curing or sintering. In some systems, a compatible matrix and reinforcement or adjacent surfaces enable covalent bonding, strong hydrogen bonding, or other interfacial interactions without added adhesives.

Applications of selfbonding span several fields. In dentistry, selfbonding resin-based cements and bonding agents aim to bond to tooth structures with minimal or no primer steps. In ceramics and metals, diffusion bonding or reactive fusion enables joints without traditional epoxies or solders. In polymer processing, self-bonding concepts allow identical or compatible polymers to fuse under heat or pressure to form continuous structures. In electronics and packaging, self-bonding polymers can join components by surface fusion.

Advantages of selfbonding include simplified processes, reduced variability from adhesive application, and potentially improved durability when interfacial layers are minimized. Limitations involve sensitivity to surface preparation, material compatibility constraints, and performance that depends on temperature, humidity, and curing conditions. Ongoing research seeks to broaden material compatibility, enhance predictability of bonding outcomes, and improve long-term stability.