Sejtproliferáció

Sejtproliferáció, translated as cell proliferation, is the process by which cells increase in number. This increase occurs through cell division, where a parent cell divides into two or more daughter cells. This fundamental biological process is essential for growth, development, and tissue repair in multicellular organisms. Sejtproliferáció is tightly regulated by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors. Specific signaling pathways within the cell, often triggered by external growth factors, initiate and control the cell cycle, the sequence of events leading to cell division.

Under normal circumstances, sejtproliferáció is a carefully balanced process. The rate of cell division is matched by the rate of cell death (apoptosis), maintaining tissue homeostasis. However, dysregulation of sejtproliferáció can lead to various diseases. Uncontrolled and excessive cell proliferation is a hallmark of cancer, where cells divide without restraint and can invade surrounding tissues. Conversely, insufficient sejtproliferáció can impair wound healing and organ regeneration. Understanding the mechanisms of sejtproliferáció is therefore crucial for developing therapies for a range of medical conditions, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and regenerative medicine. The study of sejtproliferáció involves various disciplines, including molecular biology, cell biology, and genetics.