Sejtkárosodások

Sejtkárosodások, also known as cellular damage, refers to any structural or functional impairment of a cell. This damage can occur at various levels, from the plasma membrane to internal organelles and the genetic material within the nucleus. The causes of cellular damage are diverse and can be categorized into exogenous factors such as physical agents (heat, radiation, mechanical forces), chemical agents (toxins, drugs), and biological agents (pathogens like bacteria and viruses). Endogenous factors, arising from within the cell or organism, also contribute to damage, including metabolic imbalances, oxidative stress, and genetic mutations.

The consequences of sejtkárosodások depend on the extent and type of damage, as well as the cell's ability to repair itself. Mild damage may trigger repair mechanisms, leading to recovery. However, severe or irreparable damage can initiate programmed cell death, a process known as apoptosis, or lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation, a hallmark of cancer. Chronic or widespread cellular damage can result in tissue dysfunction and contribute to the development of various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and inflammatory conditions. Understanding the mechanisms underlying cellular damage is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies to prevent, mitigate, or treat these conditions.